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Types of Trees

Types of Trees​

1. Binary Tree​

A tree structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child. It is the simplest form of a tree and serves as the foundation for more complex tree structures.

2. Binary Search Tree (BST)​

A binary tree in which each node follows the property that the left child contains only nodes with values less than the parent node, and the right child contains only nodes with values greater than the parent node. This property allows for efficient searching, insertion, and deletion operations.

3. Balanced Trees​

Balanced trees maintain their height in a logarithmic range to ensure efficient operations. Common types include:

  • AVL Tree: A self-balancing binary search tree where the difference in heights between the left and right subtrees of any node is at most one.
  • Red-Black Tree: A binary search tree with an extra bit of storage for each node to maintain balance during insertions and deletions, ensuring that no path from the root to a leaf is more than twice as long as any other such path.

4. Complete Binary Tree​

A binary tree in which all levels are fully filled except possibly for the last level, which is filled from left to right. This structure is useful for implementing heaps.

5. Full Binary Tree​

A binary tree in which every node other than the leaves has two children. This property makes full binary trees a special case of complete binary trees.

6. N-ary Tree​

A tree in which a node can have at most N children. N-ary trees are generalizations of binary trees and are often used to represent hierarchical data.

7. Trie (Prefix Tree)​

A specialized tree structure used for storing associative data structures, particularly strings. Each node represents a single character of a key, and paths down the tree represent prefixes of keys.

8. Segment Tree​

A tree data structure used for storing intervals or segments. It allows querying which segments contain a given point and is commonly used in scenarios involving range queries.

9. B-tree​

A self-balancing search tree that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. B-trees are commonly used in databases and file systems.

10. B+ Tree​

An extension of the B-tree that maintains sorted data and allows for efficient range queries. In a B+ tree, all values are stored at the leaf level, making it particularly suitable for database systems.