Encapsulation in Java

Encapsulation is one of the most important concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

Encapsulation means wrapping data (variables) and methods together into a single unit called a class.

It is mainly used to protect data from direct access and improve security.

In Java, encapsulation is achieved by:

Declaring variables as private
Accessing them using getter and setter methods

This helps control how data is used or modified.

For example:

A student’s marks should not be changed directly from outside the class
Instead, getter and setter methods are used to safely access or update the data

Why Use Encapsulation?

Improves data security
Prevents unauthorized access
Makes code more organized
Provides better control over data
Helps achieve data hiding

Example

class Student {

    // Private variable
    private String name;

    // Setter method
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // Getter method
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Student obj = new Student();

        obj.setName("Rahul");

        System.out.println(obj.getName());
    }
}

Output

Rahul

Explanation

In this example:

name variable is declared as private
It cannot be accessed directly outside the class
setName() method is used to set the value
getName() method is used to get the value

This process is called Encapsulation because the data is protected and accessed in a controlled way.

Conclusion

Encapsulation helps make Java programs more secure, organized, and maintainable. It protects data from direct access and allows controlled interaction using getter and setter methods.

Why Use Encapsulation?​

Example

Output​

Explanation

Conclusion

Why Use Encapsulation?

Output