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JavaScript ES2016 Version (2016)

JavaScript ES2016 (ECMAScript 2016) is the seventh major release of the JavaScript language specification. It was finalized in June 2016. ES2016 introduced several new features and enhancements to JavaScript, building upon the foundation laid by ES6 (ES2015). In this tutorial, we will learn about the new features introduced in ES2016 and how to use them in your JavaScript code.

Features of ES2016​

ES2016 introduced several new features and enhancements to JavaScript. Some of the key features of ES2016 are:

  1. Exponentiation Operator (**): ES2016 introduced the exponentiation operator (**), which allows you to raise one number to the power of another number. For example, 2 ** 3 is equivalent to 2 * 2 * 2.

    For example:

    Exponentiation Operator Example
     let result = 2 ** 3; // 2 raised to the power of 3
     console.log(result); // Output: 8

  2. Array.prototype.includes(): ES2016 introduced the Array.prototype.includes() method, which allows you to check if an array includes a specific element. It returns true if the array contains the element, and false otherwise.

    For example:

    Array.prototype.includes() Example
     let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
     console.log(numbers.includes(3)); // Output: true
     console.log(numbers.includes(6)); // Output: false

  3. Additional Features: ES2016 also introduced other minor features and enhancements to JavaScript, such as the TypedArray.prototype.includes() method for typed arrays and the Object.values() and Object.entries() methods for objects.

    For example:

    Object.values() and Object.entries() Example
     let person = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
     console.log(Object.values(person)); // Output: ["Alice", 30]
     console.log(Object.entries(person)); // Output: [["name", "Alice"], ["age", 30]]

Browser Support for ES2016​

Most modern web browsers support ES2016 features, but some older browsers may not fully support all ES2016 features. To ensure that your JavaScript code works across all browsers, you can use a transpiler like Babel to convert your ES2016 code into ES5 code, which is compatible with older browsers.

ES2016 features are generally well-supported in modern web browsers, and you can start using them in your JavaScript code without the need for a transpiler in most cases.

For more information on browser support for ES2016 features, you can check the table.

ChromeFirefoxSafariEdgeOperaInternet Explorer
52+49+10.1+14+39+No
Latest ✅Latest ✅Latest ✅Latest ✅Latest ✅Latest ❌
📝 Note

  • Chrome: 52+ (Latest ✅)

    Chrome has full support for ES2016 features. You can use ES2016 features in Chrome without any issues. Chrome 52 and later versions fully support ES2016 features. Chrome is the most popular web browser, and it is recommended to test your JavaScript code in Chrome to ensure compatibility.

  • Firefox: 49+ (Latest ✅)

    Firefox has full support for ES2016 features. You can use ES2016 features in Firefox without any issues. Firefox 49 and later versions fully support ES2016 features. Firefox is a popular web browser, and it is recommended to test your JavaScript code in Firefox to ensure compatibility.

  • Safari: 10.1+ (Latest ✅)

    Safari has full support for ES2016 features. You can use ES2016 features in Safari without any issues. Safari 10.1 and later versions fully support ES2016 features. Safari is a popular web browser, and it is recommended to test your JavaScript code in Safari to ensure compatibility.

  • Edge: 14+ (Latest ✅)

    Edge has full support for ES2016 features. You can use ES2016 features in Edge without any issues. Edge 14 and later versions fully support ES2016 features. Edge is a popular web browser, and it is recommended to test your JavaScript code in Edge to ensure compatibility.

  • Opera: 39+ (Latest ✅)

    Opera has full support for ES2016 features. You can use ES2016 features in Opera without any issues. Opera 39 and later versions fully support ES2016 features. Opera is a popular web browser, and it is recommended to test your JavaScript code in Opera to ensure compatibility.

  • Internet Explorer: No (Latest ❌)

    Internet Explorer does not support ES2016 features. If you need to support Internet Explorer, you can use a transpiler like Babel to convert your ES2016 code into ES5 code, which is compatible with Internet Explorer.

Conclusion​

ES2016 introduced several new features and enhancements to JavaScript, such as the exponentiation operator, Array.prototype.includes() method, and Object.values() and Object.entries() methods. These features make it easier to work with numbers, arrays, and objects in JavaScript.