Operators in Python
Hey there! In this guide, we'll explore operators in Python. Operators are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values. Let's dive in!
Python Operators
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Python supports various types of operators to perform different kinds of operations on variables and values.
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These operators are grouped into several categories.
Video Explanation
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.
x = 10 # Initialize x
y = 5 # Initialize y
add = x + y # Addition: 10 + 5 = 15
sub = x - y # Subtraction: 10 - 5 = 5
mul = x * y # Multiplication: 10 * 5 = 50
div = x / y # Division: 10 / 5 = 2.0
mod = x % y # Modulus: 10 % 5 = 0
exp = x ** y # Exponentiation: 10 ** 5 = 100000
floordiv = x // y # Floor division: 10 // 5 = 2
2. Comparison Operators
These operators are used to compare two values, and they return a Boolean result.
x = 10 # Initialize x
y = 5 # Initialize y
eq = (x == y) # Equal to: False
ne = (x != y) # Not equal to: True
gt = (x > y) # Greater than: True
lt = (x < y) # Less than: False
ge = (x >= y) # Greater than or equal to: True
le = (x <= y) # Less than or equal to: False
3. Logical Operators
These operators are used to combine conditional statements.
a = True # Initialize a
b = False # Initialize b
logical_and = (a and b) # Logical AND: False
logical_or = (a or b) # Logical OR: True
logical_not = not a # Logical NOT: False
4. Assignment Operators
These operators are used to assign values to variables.
x = 10 # Assign 10 to x
x += 5 # Add and assign: x = x + 5 -> 15
x -= 3 # Subtract and assign: x = x - 3 -> 12
x *= 2 # Multiply and assign: x = x * 2 -> 24
x /= 4 # Divide and assign: x = x / 4 -> 6.0
x %= 3 # Modulus and assign: x = x % 3 -> 0
x //= 2 # Floor divide and assign: x = x // 2 -> 0
x **= 3 # Exponentiation and assign: x = x ** 3 -> 0
5. Bitwise Operators
These operators work on bits and perform bit-level operations.
x = 6 # Binary: 110
y = 3 # Binary: 011
bitwise_and = x & y # Bitwise AND: 010 -> 2
bitwise_or = x | y # Bitwise OR: 111 -> 7
bitwise_xor = x ^ y # Bitwise XOR: 101 -> 5
bitwise_not = ~x # Bitwise NOT: 001 -> -7 (two's complement)
shift_left = x << 2 # Left shift: 110 << 2 -> 11000 -> 24
shift_right = x >> 2 # Right shift: 110 >> 2 -> 001 -> 1
6. Membership Operators
These operators test for membership in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples.
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4] # Define a list
is_in = 2 in my_list # Check if 2 is in the list: True
is_not_in = 5 not in my_list # Check if 5 is not in the list: True
7. Identity Operators
These operators compare the memory locations of two objects.
x = 5 # Initialize x
y = 5 # Initialize y
is_identical = (x is y) # Check if x and y refer to the same object: True
is_not_identical = (x is not y) # Check if x and y refer to different objects: False
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