Operators

Operators are symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. Understanding the different types of operators and their precedence is crucial for writing efficient code.

Types of Operators

Most programming languages support the following types of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Assignment Operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Unary Operators
7. Ternary (Conditional) Operators

JavaScript

JavaScript Operators Overview

JavaScript supports a wide range of operators that help you perform various tasks:

1. Arithmetic Operators

These operators are used to perform mathematical operations.

Arithmetic Operators in JavaScript

let a = 10;
let b = 5;

console.log(a + b); // Addition: 15
console.log(a - b); // Subtraction: 5
console.log(a * b); // Multiplication: 50
console.log(a / b); // Division: 2
console.log(a % b); // Modulus: 0
console.log(a ** 2); // Exponentiation: 100

2. Comparison Operators

These operators compare two values and return a Boolean (true or false).

Comparison Operators in JavaScript

console.log(a > b); // true
console.log(a < b); // false
console.log(a == 10); // true (loose equality)
console.log(a === "10"); // false (strict equality)

Operator Precedence

Understanding operator precedence is important to ensure expressions evaluate as intended. JavaScript evaluates operators from highest to lowest precedence.

Mermaid Diagram of Operator Precedence:

Java

Java Operators Overview

In Java, operators work similarly but come with strict typing:

1. Arithmetic Operators

int a = 15;
int b = 4;

System.out.println(a + b); // Addition: 19
System.out.println(a - b); // Subtraction: 11
System.out.println(a * b); // Multiplication: 60
System.out.println(a / b); // Division: 3 (integer division)
System.out.println(a % b); // Modulus: 3

2. Comparison Operators

System.out.println(a > b); // true
System.out.println(a == 15); // true
System.out.println(a != b); // true

3. Logical Operators

boolean x = true;
boolean y = false;

System.out.println(x && y); // Logical AND: false
System.out.println(x || y); // Logical OR: true
System.out.println(!x);     // Logical NOT: false

Operator Precedence Chart

Operator precedence in Java follows a strict hierarchy:

Python

Python Operators Overview

Python operators are straightforward and easy to use:

1. Arithmetic Operators

a = 20
b = 7

print(a + b)  # Addition: 27
print(a - b)  # Subtraction: 13
print(a * b)  # Multiplication: 140
print(a / b)  # Division: 2.857142857142857
print(a % b)  # Modulus: 6
print(a ** 2) # Exponentiation: 400

2. Comparison Operators

print(a > b)   # True
print(a == 20) # True
print(a != b)  # True

3. Logical Operators

x = True
y = False

print(x and y) # False
print(x or y)  # True
print(not x)   # False

Operator Precedence in Python

C++

C++ Operators Overview

C++ operators are powerful and similar to those in Java:

1. Arithmetic Operators

int a = 25;
int b = 8;

std::cout << a + b << std::endl; // Addition: 33
std::cout << a - b << std::endl; // Subtraction: 17
std::cout << a * b << std::endl; // Multiplication: 200
std::cout << a / b << std::endl; // Division: 3 (integer division)
std::cout << a % b << std::endl; // Modulus: 1

2. Comparison Operators

std::cout << (a > b) << std::endl;   // true
std::cout << (a == 25) << std::endl; // true
std::cout << (a != b) << std::endl;  // true

3. Logical Operators

bool x = true;
bool y = false;

std::cout << (x && y) << std::endl; // false
std::cout << (x || y) << std::endl; // true
std::cout << (!x) << std::endl;     // false

Operator Precedence Chart

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