Operators
Operators are symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. Understanding the different types of operators and their precedence is crucial for writing efficient code.
Types of Operators​
Most programming languages support the following types of operators:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Unary Operators
- Ternary (Conditional) Operators
- JavaScript
- Java
- Python
- C++
JavaScript Operators Overview​
JavaScript supports a wide range of operators that help you perform various tasks:
1. Arithmetic Operators​
These operators are used to perform mathematical operations.
let a = 10;
let b = 5;
console.log(a + b); // Addition: 15
console.log(a - b); // Subtraction: 5
console.log(a * b); // Multiplication: 50
console.log(a / b); // Division: 2
console.log(a % b); // Modulus: 0
console.log(a ** 2); // Exponentiation: 100
2. Comparison Operators​
These operators compare two values and return a Boolean (true or false).
console.log(a > b); // true
console.log(a < b); // false
console.log(a == 10); // true (loose equality)
console.log(a === "10"); // false (strict equality)
Operator Precedence​
Understanding operator precedence is important to ensure expressions evaluate as intended. JavaScript evaluates operators from highest to lowest precedence.
Mermaid Diagram of Operator Precedence:
Java Operators Overview​
In Java, operators work similarly but come with strict typing:
1. Arithmetic Operators​
int a = 15;
int b = 4;
System.out.println(a + b); // Addition: 19
System.out.println(a - b); // Subtraction: 11
System.out.println(a * b); // Multiplication: 60
System.out.println(a / b); // Division: 3 (integer division)
System.out.println(a % b); // Modulus: 3
2. Comparison Operators​
System.out.println(a > b); // true
System.out.println(a == 15); // true
System.out.println(a != b); // true
3. Logical Operators​
boolean x = true;
boolean y = false;
System.out.println(x && y); // Logical AND: false
System.out.println(x || y); // Logical OR: true
System.out.println(!x); // Logical NOT: false
Operator Precedence Chart​
Operator precedence in Java follows a strict hierarchy:
Python Operators Overview​
Python operators are straightforward and easy to use:
1. Arithmetic Operators​
a = 20
b = 7
print(a + b) # Addition: 27
print(a - b) # Subtraction: 13
print(a * b) # Multiplication: 140
print(a / b) # Division: 2.857142857142857
print(a % b) # Modulus: 6
print(a ** 2) # Exponentiation: 400
2. Comparison Operators​
print(a > b) # True
print(a == 20) # True
print(a != b) # True
3. Logical Operators​
x = True
y = False
print(x and y) # False
print(x or y) # True
print(not x) # False
Operator Precedence in Python​
C++ Operators Overview​
C++ operators are powerful and similar to those in Java:
1. Arithmetic Operators​
int a = 25;
int b = 8;
std::cout << a + b << std::endl; // Addition: 33
std::cout << a - b << std::endl; // Subtraction: 17
std::cout << a * b << std::endl; // Multiplication: 200
std::cout << a / b << std::endl; // Division: 3 (integer division)
std::cout << a % b << std::endl; // Modulus: 1
2. Comparison Operators​
std::cout << (a > b) << std::endl; // true
std::cout << (a == 25) << std::endl; // true
std::cout << (a != b) << std::endl; // true
3. Logical Operators​
bool x = true;
bool y = false;
std::cout << (x && y) << std::endl; // false
std::cout << (x || y) << std::endl; // true
std::cout << (!x) << std::endl; // false