Operators in C++

Hey there! In this guide, we'll explore operators in C++. Operators are symbols that instruct the compiler to perform specific operations on variables or values. C++ supports a variety of operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and more. Let's dive in!

• Operators are symbols that instruct the compiler to perform specific operations on variables or values.
• C++ supports a variety of operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and more.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	x + y
-	Subtraction	x - y
*	Multiplication	x * y
/	Division	x / y
%	Modulus (remainder)	x % y

Example:

int x = 10, y = 5;
cout << (x + y);  // Output: 15
cout << (x - y);  // Output: 5
cout << (x * y);  // Output: 50
cout << (x / y);  // Output: 2
cout << (x % y);  // Output: 0

2. Relational Operators

Relational operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false).

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	x == y
!=	Not equal to	x != y
>	Greater than	x > y
<	Less than	x < y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Example:

int x = 10, y = 5;
cout << (x == y);  // Output: false
cout << (x != y);  // Output: true
cout << (x > y);   // Output: true
cout << (x < y);   // Output: false
cout << (x >= y);  // Output: true
cout << (x <= y);  // Output: false

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations and combine multiple conditions.

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	(x > 5 && y < 10)
!	Logical NOT	!(x > 5)

Example:

int x = 10, y = 5;
cout << (x > 5 && y < 10);  // Output: 1 (true)
cout << (x > 5 || y > 10);  // Output: 1 (true)
cout << !(x > 5);           // Output: 0 (false)

4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assigns value	x = y
+=	Adds and assigns	x += y
-=	Subtracts and assigns	x -= y
*=	Multiplies and assigns	x *= y
/=	Divides and assigns	x /= y
%=	Modulus and assigns	x %= y

Example:

int x = 10, y = 5;
x += y;  // Equivalent to x = x + y
cout << x;  // Output: 15

5. Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment and decrement operators are used to increase or decrease a variable's value by 1.

Operator	Description	Example
++	Increments value	++x or x++
--	Decrements value	--x or x--

Example:

int x = 10;
cout << ++x;  // Output: 11 (Pre-increment)
cout << x--;  // Output: 11 (Post-decrement)
cout << x;    // Output: 10

6. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators operate on bits and perform bit-level operations.

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	x & y
		Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR	x ^ y
~	Bitwise NOT	~x
>>	Left shift	x >> 2
<<	Right shift	x << 2

Example:

int x = 10;
int x = 5, y = 9;
cout << (x & y);   // Output: 1
cout << (x | y);   // Output: 13

7. Ternary Operator

The ternary operator is a shorthand for an if-else statement.

Operator	Description	Example
?:	Ternary	condition ? expr1 : expr2

Example:

int x = 10;
int result = (x > 5) ? 100 : 200;
cout << result;  // Output: 100

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Understanding these operators is key to mastering C++ programming and writing efficient code!